Understanding Cariology: How Cavities Start and How to Stop Them

Cariology is the study of dental caries—commonly known as cavities—and how they develop, spread, and can be prevented. Cavities don’t happen overnight. They form when bacteria in your mouth feed on sugars and starches from your food, creating acids that slowly break down your tooth enamel. Over time, if left untreated, this process can lead to holes in the teeth, infections, or even tooth loss.

The mouth is home to many types of bacteria, and not all are bad. But when harmful bacteria outnumber the good ones, especially with poor oral hygiene or a high-sugar diet, the balance shifts. These bacteria form a sticky film called plaque, which clings to teeth and gums. If plaque isn’t removed daily through brushing and flossing, it hardens into tartar and speeds up the decay process.

Good news: cavities are preventable! Cariology emphasizes prevention through daily dental hygiene, a balanced diet low in added sugars, and regular visits to the dentist. Fluoride toothpaste helps strengthen enamel and make it more resistant to acid attacks. Dental sealants can also provide extra protection, especially for kids or people prone to decay.

At Capitol Dental, we believe knowledge is power. Understanding the science of cariology helps you take charge of your oral health before problems start. Schedule a checkup with us—we’re here to catch early signs of decay, give personalized tips, and keep your smile strong from the inside out.